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Computer Network Overview
Computer networking or data communication is a most important part of the information technology. Today every business in 
the world needs a computer network for smooth operations, flexibly, instant communication and data access. Just imagine if there is no network communication in the university campuses, hospitals, multinational organizations and educational institutes then how difficult are to communicate with each other. In this article you will learn the basic overview of a computer network. The targeted audience of this article is the people who want to know about the network communication system, network standards and types.
A computer network is comprised of connectivity devices and components. To share data and resources between two or more computers is known as networking. There are different types of a computer network such as LAN, MAN, WAN and wireless network. The key devices involved that make the infrastructure of a computer network are Hub, Switch, Router, Modem, Access point, LAN card and network cables.
LAN stands for local area network and a network in a room, in a building or a network over small distance is known as a LAN. MAN stands for Metropolitan area network and it covers the networking between two offices within the city. WAN stands for wide area network and it cover the networking between two or more computers between two cities, two countries or two continents.
There are different topologies of a computer network. A topology defines the physical layout or a design of a network. These topologies are star topology, bus topology, mesh topology, star bus topology etc. In a star topology each computer in a network is directly connected with a centralized device known as hub or switch. If any computer gets problematic in star topology then it does not affect the other computers in a network.
An Overview of the Computer Network Devices & Components
A Computer network is comprised of different devices to share, transmit, and boost the signal, voice and data. Network devices or 
components are the physical parts connected to a network. There is a large number of the network devices and are increasing daily. The basic network devices are: Individual Computers, Server, Hub, Switch, Bridges, Routers, Modems, Printers, DBL Modems & Routers, Gateways, Network Interface Cards, Cabling & Wireless access point. The following is a overview of each of these network devices.
INDIVIDUAL COMPUTERS: The personal computer is usually a desktop computer, a work station or a laptop. The personal computers are most widely used in any organization or for personal use. The individual computers are the most common types of the microcomputers.
SERVER: A server is a computer on a network, which process request and is used to share the data and resources among the other computers in a network. A server stores all the necessary information and provides the different services like, workstation computer’s logo access, internet sharing, print sharing, disk space sharing etc. There are different types of servers e.g File and print server, database server, proxy server, Fax server, backup server etc. A database server stores all the data and software, which may related to the certain database and it allows other network devices to access and process the database queries. A file server is used to store the data of any user on the network and a print server manages one or more printers in a network. Similarly a network server is a server that manages the network traffic.
Computer Peripherals Hardware – The Parts of a Computer System
To start, let us define the difference between computer hardware and computer software. While computer hardware are physical item
s also known as computer hardware components, hardware devices or even just computer parts, they are all parts of a computer that physically make up a computer system.
Software on the other hand is not a physical item, and is only a program written as instructions for hardware to follow. One simple example of this is used referring to yourself, a grocery list and a pencil. Imagine that you are a hardware device, the pencil is a DVD/CD writer, the piece of paper the list is written on is a disc. All of these are physical items and are referred to as hardware, The software here is the contents of the list itself, It is not a physical item, only written instructions on what is needed.
Now, breaking down the different hardware names (terms), we have computer hardware devices which are basically a piece of computer hardware that is designed for a simple specific purpose such as a floppy drive or mouse. Another name also referred to while discussing computer parts hardware is the computer hardware components. Computer hardware components are the single hardware parts that make up the whole computer system, such as the motherboard, processor or hard drive.
We also have peripherals hardware, which is similar to the hardware device with the exception that the peripherals hardware is an addition or an extension of the computer system, such as the printer, speakers or a digital camera. The word hardware originated from the construction industry years ago referring to the nuts and bolts used to increase the strength of the building materials being used and the term was coined for the computer systems describing the physical make up of the entire computer system.
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